Skip to main content

Reserved Keywords

Reserved Keywords​

TDengine currently lists 584 reserved keywords, of which 498 are active in the lexical analysis of the current version. The remaining 86 are keywords whose definitions are retained at the syntax level or in historical documentation. Although they are not currently active, they are included for reference and future use.

When any of these keywords is used as a database name, table name, supertable name, subtable name, data column name, tag column name, or similar identifier, it must be enclosed in backticks (`), regardless of letter case. For example: `ADD`.

A version number in the Description column indicates that the keyword takes effect starting from that version. A version range indicates that the term is a keyword only within that range and was subsequently removed or adjusted.

The reserved keywords are listed below:

A​

KeywordDescription
ABORT
ACCOUNT
ACCOUNTS
ADD
AES_DECRYPTv3.4.0.3+
AES_ENCRYPTv3.4.0.3+
AFTER
AGGv3.4.2.0+
AGGREGATE
ALGR_NAMEv3.4.0.0+
ALGR_TYPEv3.4.0.0+
ALIAS
ALIVE
ALL
ALLOW_DATETIMEv3.4.0.0+
ALLOW_DROP
ALLOW_TOKEN_NUMv3.4.0.0+
ALTER
ANALYZEv3.3.4.3+
AND
ANODEv3.3.4.3+
ANODESv3.3.4.3+
ANOMALY_WINDOWv3.3.4.3+
ANTI
ANYv3.4.1.0+
API_TOKENv3.4.2.0+
APPS
ARBGROUPS
ARROW
AS
ASC
ASOF
ASSIGNv3.3.6.0+
ASYNCv3.3.6.0 - v3.3.7.0
ATTACH
AT_ONCEv3.0.0.0 - v3.3.7.0
AUTOv3.3.5.0+

B​

KeywordDescription
BALANCE
BASEv3.4.2.0+
BATCH_SCAN
BEFORE
BEGIN
BETWEEN
BIGINT
BIN
BINARY
BITAND
BITNOT
BITOR
BLOB
BLOCKS
BNODE
BNODES
BOOL
BOTH
BUFFER
BUFSIZE
BWLIMIT
BY

C​

KeywordDescription
CACHE
CACHEMODEL
CACHESHARDBITS
CACHESIZE
CALC_NOTIFY_ONLYv3.3.7.0+
CALL_PER_SESSIONv3.4.0.0+
CASE
CAST
CHANGE
CHANGEPASSv3.4.0.0+
CHILD
CLIENT_VERSION
CLOSEv3.4.2.0+
CLUSTER
COALESCE
COLON
COLSv3.3.6.0+
COLUMN
COMMA
COMMENT
COMMITv3.4.2.0+
COMP
COMPACT
COMPACTS
COMPACT_INTERVALv3.3.5.0+
COMPACT_TIME_OFFSETv3.3.5.0+
COMPACT_TIME_RANGEv3.3.5.0+
COMPOSITEv3.3.6.3+
COMPRESS
CONCAT
CONFLICT
CONNECTION
CONNECTIONS
CONNECT_IDLE_TIMEv3.4.0.0+
CONNECT_TIMEv3.4.0.0+
CONNS
CONSUMER
CONSUMERS
CONTAINS
CONTINUOUS_WINDOW_CLOSEv3.3.6.0 - v3.3.7.0
COPY
COUNT
COUNT_WINDOW
CPU_ALLOCATIONv3.4.2.0+
CREATE
CREATEDB
CURRENTv3.4.2.0+
CURRENT_USER

D​

KeywordDescription
DATABASE
DATABASES
DAYS
DBS
DB_KEY
DECIMALv3.3.6.0+
DEFAULTv3.4.0.0+
DEFERRED
DELETE
DELETE_MARK
DELETE_OUTPUT_TABLEv3.3.7.0+
DELETE_RECALCv3.3.7.0+
DELIMITERS
DESC
DESCRIBE
DETACH
DISK_INFOv3.3.5.0+
DISTINCT
DISTRIBUTED
DIVIDE
DNODE
DNODES
DOT
DOUBLE
DRAINv3.3.7.0+
DROP
DURATION

E​

KeywordDescription
EACH
ELSE
ENABLE
ENCODE
ENCRYPTIONS
ENCRYPT_ALGORITHM
ENCRYPT_ALGORITHMSv3.4.0.0+
ENCRYPT_ALGRv3.4.0.0+
ENCRYPT_KEY
ENCRYPT_STATUS
END
EQ
EVENT_TYPEv3.3.7.0+
EVENT_WINDOW
EVERY
EXCEPT
EXISTS
EXPIREDv3.0.0.0 - v3.3.7.0
EXPIRED_TIMEv3.3.7.0+
EXPLAIN
EXTENDv3.4.2.0+
EXTERNALv3.4.2.0+
EXTERNAL_WINDOWv3.3.7.0+
EXTRA_INFOv3.4.0.0+

F​

KeywordDescription
FAIL
FAILED_LOGIN_ATTEMPTSv3.4.0.0+
FHIGHv3.3.4.3+
FILE
FILL
FILL_HISTORY
FILL_HISTORY_FIRSTv3.3.7.0+
FIRST
FIRST_DAY_OF_WEEKv3.4.2.0+
FLOAT
FLOWv3.3.4.3+
FLUSH
FOLLOWINGv3.4.2.0+
FOR
FORCE
FORCE_OUTPUTv3.3.7.0+
FORCE_WINDOW_CLOSEv3.3.4.3 - v3.3.7.0
FROM
FROM_BASE64v3.4.0.3+
FROWTSv3.3.4.3+
FULL
FUNCTION
FUNCTIONS

G​

KeywordDescription
GE
GEOMETRY
GLOB
GRANT
GRANTS
GROUP
GT

H​

KeywordDescription
HASH_JOIN
HAVING
HEX
HOST

I​

KeywordDescription
ID
IDLEv3.3.4.0+
IDLE_TIMEOUTv3.3.4.0+
IF
IFNULL
IGNORE
IGNORE_DISORDERv3.3.7.0+
IGNORE_NODATA_TRIGGERv3.3.7.0+
ILLEGAL
IMMEDIATE
IMPORT
IN
INACTIVE_ACCOUNT_TIMEv3.4.0.0+
INDEX
INDEXES
INHERITSv3.4.2.0+
INITIALLY
INNER
INSERT
INSTANCES
INSTEAD
INT
INTEGER
INTERSECT
INTERVAL
INTO
IPTOKEN
IROWTS
IROWTS_ORIGINv3.3.5.0+
IS
ISFILLED
ISNOTNULL
ISNULL
IS_AUDITv3.3.9.0+
IS_IMPORT

J​

KeywordDescription
JLIMIT
JOIN
JSON

K​

KeywordDescription
KEEP
KEEP_TIME_OFFSET
KEY
KEY_EXPIRATION
KILL

L​

KeywordDescription
LANGUAGE
LAST
LAST_ROW
LE
LEADER
LEADING
LEFT
LEVELv3.3.0.0 - v3.3.2.11
LICENCES
LIKE
LIMIT
LINEAR
LOCAL
LOCK
LOGS
LOW_LATENCY_CALCv3.3.7.0+
LP
LSHIFT
LT

M​

KeywordDescription
MACHINES
MASK
MATCH
MAXROWS
MAX_DELAY
MD5v3.4.0.3+
MEDIUMBLOB
MERGE
META
META_ONLYv3.3.6.0+
MINROWS
MINUS
MNODE
MNODES
MODIFY
MODULES
MOUNT
MOUNTS

N​

KeywordDescription
NCHAR
NE
NEAR
NEXT
NMATCH
NODE
NODELAY_CREATE_SUBTABLEv3.4.1.0+
NODES
NONE
NORMAL
NOT
NOTIFYv3.3.6.0+
NOTIFY_HISTORYv3.3.6.0+
NOTIFY_OPTIONSv3.3.7.0+
NOTNULL
NOT_ALLOW_DATETIMEv3.4.0.0+
NOT_ALLOW_HOSTv3.4.0.0+
NOW
NO_BATCH_SCAN
NO_ZEROTHv3.4.2.0+
NULL
NULLIF
NULLS
NULL_F
NVL
NVL2

O​

KeywordDescription
OF
OFFSET
ON
ONLY
ON_FAILUREv3.3.6.0 - v3.3.7.0
ON_FAILURE_PAUSEv3.3.7.0+
OPENv3.4.2.0+
OPTIONSv3.3.7.0+
OR
ORDER
ORPHANSv3.4.2.0+
OSSL_ALGR_NAMEv3.4.0.0+
OUTER
OUTPUTTYPE
OUTPUT_SUBTABLEv3.3.7.0+
OVERv3.4.2.0+

P​

KeywordDescription
PAGES
PAGESIZE
PARALLELv3.4.2.0+
PARA_TABLES_SORT
PARTITION
PARTITION_FIRST
PASS
PASSWORDv3.4.2.0+
PASSWORD_GRACE_TIMEv3.4.0.0+
PASSWORD_LIFE_TIMEv3.4.0.0+
PASSWORD_LOCK_TIMEv3.4.0.0+
PASSWORD_REUSE_MAXv3.4.0.0+
PASSWORD_REUSE_TIMEv3.4.0.0+
PAUSE
PERIODv3.3.7.0+
PI
PLUS
PORT
POSITION
PPS
PRECEDINGv3.4.2.0+
PRECISION
PREV
PRE_FILTERv3.3.7.0+
PRIMARY
PRIVILEGE
PRIVILEGES
PROVIDERv3.4.0.0+

Q​

KeywordDescription
QDURATION
QEND
QNODE
QNODES
QSTART
QTAGS
QTIME
QUERIES
QUERY
QUESTION

R​

KeywordDescription
RAISE
RAND
RANGE
RATIO
READ
REBALANCEv3.3.7.0+
RECALCULATE
RECURSIVE
REDISTRIBUTE
REFRESHv3.4.2.0+
REGEXPv3.3.6.0+
REGEXP_REPLACE
RELOAD
REM
REMOVEv3.4.2.0+
RENAME
REPLACE
REPLICA
REPLICASv3.3.7.0+
RESET
RESTORE
RESTRICT
RESUME
RETENTION
RETENTIONS
REVOKE
RIGHT
ROLE
ROLES
ROLLBACKv3.4.2.0+
ROLLUP
ROWv3.4.2.0+
ROWSv3.4.2.0+
ROWTS
RP
RSHIFT
RSMA
RSMAS

S​

KeywordDescription
S3MIGRATE
SCALARv3.4.2.0+
SCAN
SCANS
SCHEMAv3.4.2.0+
SCHEMALESS
SCORES
SECURE_DELETE
SECURITY_LEVELv3.4.1.6+
SECURITY_POLICIESv3.4.1.6+
SELECT
SEMI
SERIESv3.4.2.0+
SERVER_STATUS
SERVER_VERSION
SESSION
SESSION_PER_USERv3.4.0.0+
SET
SHAv3.4.0.3+
SHA1v3.4.0.3+
SHA2v3.4.0.3+
SHOW
SINGLE_STABLE
SKIP_TSMA
SLASH
SLIDING
SLIMIT
SM4_DECRYPTv3.4.0.3+
SM4_ENCRYPTv3.4.0.3+
SMA
SMALLDATA_SCAN_SORTv3.4.2.0+
SMALLDATA_TS_SORT
SMALLINT
SMIGRATE
SNODE
SNODES
SOFFSET
SOMEv3.4.1.0+
SORT_FOR_GROUP
SOURCEv3.4.2.0+
SOURCESv3.4.2.0+
SPLIT
SSMIGRATE
SSMIGRATES
SS_CHUNKPAGES
SS_COMPACT
SS_KEEPLOCAL
STABLE
STABLES
STAR
START
STATE
STATEMENT
STATE_WINDOW
STOP
STORAGE
STRATEGY
STREAM
STREAMS
STREAM_OPTIONSv3.3.7.0+
STRICT
STRING
STT_TRIGGER
SUBSCRIBE
SUBSCRIPTIONS
SUBSTR
SUBSTRING
SUBTABLEv3.0.0.0 - v3.3.7.0
SURROUND
SVR_KEY
SYSINFO
SYSTEM

T​

KeywordDescription
TABLE
TABLES
TABLE_PREFIX
TABLE_SUFFIX
TAG
TAGS
TBNAME
TEXTv3.4.2.0+
THEN
TIMES
TIMESTAMP
TIMEZONE
TINYINT
TO
TODAY
TOKENv3.4.0.0+
TOKENSv3.4.0.0+
TOPIC
TOPICS
TOTPSEED
TOTP_SECRETv3.4.0.0+
TO_BASE64v3.4.0.3+
TRAILING
TRANSACTION
TRANSACTIONS
TRIGGERv3.0.0.0 - v3.3.7.0
TRIM
TROWS
TRUE_FORv3.3.6.0+
TSDB_PAGESIZE
TSERIES
TSMA
TSMAS
TTL
TYPEv3.4.2.0+

U​

KeywordDescription
UNBOUNDEDv3.4.2.0+
UNION
UNLIMITED
UNLOCK
UNSAFE
UNSIGNED
UNTREATED
UPDATE
USE
USER
USERS
USING

V​

KeywordDescription
VALIDATEv3.3.7.0+
VALUE
VALUES
VALUE_F
VARBINARY
VARCHAR
VARIABLE
VARIABLES
VERBOSE
VGROUP
VGROUPS
VIEW
VIEWS
VIRTUAL
VNODE
VNODES
VNODE_PER_CALLv3.4.0.0+
VTABLE
VTABLES

W​

KeywordDescription
WAL
WAL_FSYNC_PERIOD
WAL_LEVEL
WAL_RETENTION_PERIOD
WAL_RETENTION_SIZE
WAL_ROLL_PERIOD
WAL_SEGMENT_SIZE
WATERMARK
WDURATION
WEND
WHEN
WHERE
WINDOW
WINDOW_CLOSE
WINDOW_OFFSET
WINDOW_OPENv3.3.7.0+
WIN_OPTIMIZE_BATCH
WIN_OPTIMIZE_SINGLE
WITH
WRITE
WSTART

X​

KeywordDescription
XNODEv3.3.7.0+
XNODESv3.3.7.0+

Z​

KeywordDescription
ZEROTH_STATEv3.4.2.0+

_​

KeywordDescription
_ANOMALYMARKv3.3.4.3+
_C0
_FHIGHv3.3.4.3+
_FLOWv3.3.4.3+
_FROWTSv3.3.4.3+
_IMPMARK
_IMPROWTS
_IROWTS
_IROWTS_ORIGINv3.3.5.0+
_ISFILLED
_QDURATION
_QEND
_QSTART
_ROWTS
_TAGS
_TCURRENT_TS
_TGRPID
_TIDLEEND
_TIDLESTART
_TLOCALTIME
_TNEXT_LOCALTIME
_TNEXT_TS
_TPREV_LOCALTIME
_TPREV_TS
_TROLLUP_TBCOUNTv3.4.2.0+
_TWDURATION
_TWEND
_TWROWNUM
_TWSTART
_WDURATION
_WEND
_WSTART